Although Bucharest’s history dates back to the late medieval period, it has long served as a bridge between the East and West. This began when Vlad III, also known as Vlad Dracula, referred to a fortress in Bucharest as his “princely residence” in 1459. For centuries, Bucharest has stood at the intersection of Western Christian kingdoms, Eastern Tsars, and the Ottoman Empire to the south.
Bucharest’s golden era took place in the latter half of the 1800s when the nation thrived under King Carol I. In 1847, a massive fire destroyed a third of the city, sparking a wave of new construction. French-style boulevards, luxurious palaces, and Belle Époque architecture redefined the city. These transformative years from 1848 to the 1930s gave Bucharest the nickname “Little Paris of the East.”
However, the city faced hardships during the Depression, World War II, and under a communist dictatorship, which resulted in the rise of Stalinist architecture. The stark, grey buildings of this era only serve to highlight the beauty of surviving Belle Époque structures. While much of the Belle Époque architecture was damaged by bombings, a 1977 earthquake, and Ceausescu’s 1980s redevelopment plans, what remains is even more cherished.
To explore these architectural gems, start in the historical quarter, which is densely populated with Belle Époque buildings. Here are some top picks:
1. CEC Palace: Constructed between 1896-1900 by French architect Paul Gottereau, this building features a striking glass and metal dome. Unfortunately, visitors cannot enter the palace.
2. Macca-Vilacrosse Passage: Built in 1891 to ease congestion, this passage has a glass roof that allows natural light in. Named after former owners, today it’s a hub for cafés and shisha.
3. Muzeul Micul Paris: This museum offers a glimpse into Bucharest’s Belle Époque era without an entry fee, only requesting a small donation.
4. Former Stock Exchange: Built in 1907 in French neoclassical style, its interior hosts a vintage market despite its dilapidated state.
5. Old Palace of the National Bank: Designed by Albert Galleron and Cassien Bernard, this palace can be visited on a guided tour scheduled in advance.
6. Palace of the former Dacia Insurance Company: Whether built in the late 1800s or early 1900s, its facades are adorned with sculptures symbolizing Justice, Trade, Industry, and Agriculture.
7. Caru’ cu Bere: Opened in 1879, this famous brewery, designed by Austrian architect Siegfrid Kofczinsk, offers not just food and beer but also a glimpse into Gothic revival architecture.
8. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development: Built in 1895, this building designed by Swiss architect Louis Pierre Blanc is mostly inaccessible to the public, but you might catch a glimpse during special events.
9. Sutu Palace: Dating back to 1833-1835, this neo-Gothic building now hosts Bucharest’s Municipality Museum, rich in historical information.
10. Colțea Hospital: The current hospital building was constructed between 1867-1888 in French academic style.
11. The University: This neoclassical building, finished in 1869, is the largest university in Romania.
12. Central University Library: Founded in 1895, this library suffered major damage during the 1989 Romanian Revolution but remains a site of historical significance.
13. Romanian Athenaeum: Home to the George Enescu Philharmonic, this awe-inspiring building was designed by Albert Galleron and completed in 1888.
14. Museum of Art Collections: Situated in the Romanit Palace, this museum features a range of artworks though it may appear less exciting.
15. National Museum “George Enescu”: Located in the Cantacuzino Palace, this museum showcases the life and belongings of the famous composer.
For a romantic experience, consider visiting the nearby Cișmigiu Park, transformed into a beautiful garden by landscape gardeners Wilhelm Mayer and Franz Hörer in 1847.
Lastly, Bucharest’s main boulevard, Calea Victoriei, is notable for its architectural gems despite being marred by dilapidated Stalinist buildings. From the elegant Kretzulescu Palace to the soon-to-reopen Grand Hôtel du Boulevard and the National Military Club, this boulevard encapsulates the city’s historical richness.
While in Bucharest, don’t miss Casa Capșa, an iconic café since 1852, and the luxurious Grand Hotel Continental, both exemplifying the city’s historical charm and aspirations to emulate Western elegance.
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